Pharmacy: Drug Information
Core Resources: Databases
Drug Monographs
- Drug Information Portal (NLM)
- Drugs @ FDA
- Facts and Comparisons E Answers
- Lexicomp Online
- Micromedex
- Natural Medicines
Article Search
EBM Sources
- Clinical Key (clinical summaries collection)
- Cochrane Library (systematic reviews)
- DynaMed Plus (clinical summaries collection)
- TRIP Database (clinical search engine)
Core Resources: Textbooks
Other Resources
- Pharmacist's Letter (Students must register at the site)
- VisualDX (differential diagnosis tool with images)
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Basic & Clinical Pharmacologyvia AccessPharmacy
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Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatmentvia AccessMedicine
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DeGowin's Diagnostic Examinationvia AccessMedicine
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Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeuticsvia AccessPharmacy
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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicinevia AccessPharmacy
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STAT!Refvia STAT!Ref
- Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach
via AccessPharmacy
- Pharmacotherapy Casebook
via AccessPharmacy
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Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Testsvia AccessPharmacy
Libraries
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Campus LibrariesAtlanta, Macon, and the Regional Academic Centers
Adverse Effects/Toxicology
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
- Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, RA1211 .C296 2008
- DRUGDEX® System via Micromedex
- Goldfrank's Manual of Toxicologic Emergencies via AccessPharmacy
- Haz-Map, occupational health database
- Martindale via Micromedex
- Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (various subjects - see catalog)
- POISINDEX via Micromedex
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Poisoning & Drug Overdose via AccessMedicine
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Toxic Substances Portal from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
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Toxicology Guidelines via Facts and Comparisons eAnswers
- TOXNET from National Library of Medicine
- ToxLearn -- a multi-module toxicology tutorial from the National Library of Medicine
Chemistry
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American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information,
RS131.2 .A47 2015 or Lexicomp Online -
The Merck index: An encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals, RS51 .M4 2006
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Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, on Reserve RS91 .R44 2013
Compounding
- The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding Ref RS200 .A45 2008
- Allen's Compounded Formulations: The Complete U.S. Pharmacist Collection Ref RS200 .A454 2003
- Compounding Sterile Preparations, by American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. (via STAT!Ref)
- International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding -- Available in print (Jan 1997-Jan 2012)
- Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, on Reserve RS91 .R44 2013
- The Pharmaceutics Laboratory -- Compounding exercises from UNC's Eshelman School of Pharmacy
Cost
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Red Book via Micromedex or Reference RM1 .R43 2010 (Gives average wholesale price; use older editions to tracking pricing)
Dietary Supplements
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AltMedDex via Micromedex
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Herbal Interaction Facts via Facts and Comparisons eAnswers (click on Drug Interactions)
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PDR for herbal medicines, Reference RS164 .P375 2007
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Review of Natural Products via Facts and Comparisons eAnswers
Dosage and Administration
- DRUGDEX® System via Micromedex
- Drug Facts and Comparisons via Facts and Comparisons eAnswers
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Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs: An Interactive Approach to Self Care RM671.A1 H36 2012
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PDR via Micromedex
Drug Interactions
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Facts and Comparisons eAnswers (click on Drug Interactions)
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Hansten and Horn's Drug Interactions, Analysis and Management,
Reference RM302 .H36 2000 (looseleaf format is up to date) -
Drug Interactions via Micromedex
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Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (various subjects, see catalog)
Drug Names (Trade, Generic, etc.)
- American Drug Index, RS351 .A48 2015
- American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information, RS131.2 .A47 2015 or Lexicomp Online
- Brand Drug Names via Lexicomp Online
- Orange Book (FDA)
- The Merck Index, RS51 .M4 2006
- National Drug Code Directory (FDA)
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USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names RS55 .U54 2012
Drugs in Development
Drugs in Pregnancy/Lactation
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Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk (Briggs), Reference RG627.6.D79 B75 2011 and NOOK 2.
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LactMed A drugs and lactation database from National Library of Medicine
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Medications and Mothers' Milk, RJ216 .H354 2008
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Pregnancy and Lactation Warnings via Facts and Comparisons eAnswers
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REPRORISK via Micromedex
Formularies
- American Drug Index, Reference RS351 .A48 2015
- American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information, RS131.2 .A47 2015 or Lexicomp Online
- Orange Book (FDA)
- United States Pharmacopeia, Reference RS141.2 .P5 2013 v.1-3
Geriatric Dosages
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Geriatric Dosage Handbook, RC953.7 .S45 2013
Incompatibility/Stability
- Handbook on Injectable Drugs (Trissel), Reference RM143 .T74 2011
- King Guide to Parenteral Admixtures, Reference RS201.P37 K56 2002 or LexiComp Online
- Trissel's Stability of Compounded Formulations, Reference RS200 .T75 2009
International Drug ID
- Canadian Drug Names via Lexicomp Online
- European Medicines Agency - human and veterinary medicines
- Index Nominum, via Micromedex or Reference RS139 .I38 2008
- Martindale via Micromedex
- Medicines Compendium - Medicines used in the UK
- Organic-chemical Drugs and their Synonyms (Negwer), RS51 .N428 2007
New Drug Approvals
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New and Generic Drug Approvals from the FDA
Pediatric Dosages
- Lexicomp Online
- Pediatric Dosage Handbook, RJ560 .T23 2008
- Pediatric Injectable Drugs (The Teddy Bear Book), RJ560 .P44 2013
Pharmacokinetics
- American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information, RS131.2 .A47 2015 or via Lexicomp Online
- Basic Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Winter), RM301.5 .W56 2004
- Micromedex
Pharmacology & Mechanism of Action
- Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (Katzung), via AccessMedicine or Reserve RM301.28 .B38 2009
- Conn's Current Therapy via Clinical Key
- Goldman's Cecil Medicine via Clinical Key
- Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics via AccessPharmacy or Reserve RM300 .G644 2011
Pharmacogenomics
- FDA's Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labels -- Produced by FDA's genomics group.
- PharmGKB Clinical Pharmacogenomics -- This Web site catalogs pharmacogenomic information in the context of FDA-approved drug labels and lists drugs with mounting pharmacogenomic evidence.
Pharmacy Law
- Georgia State Board of Pharmacy
- Pharmacy Practice and the Law (Abood), KF2915.P4 A93 2013
Therapeutic Use
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A to Z Drug Facts via Facts and Comparisons eAnswers
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DRUGDEX® System via Micromedex
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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, RC46 .H333 2005 or 2011 via AccessPharmacy
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Therapeutic Categories via Lexicomp Online
Unlabeled Uses
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Off-label Drug Facts via Facts and Comparisons eAnswers
Veterinary Medicine
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Merck Veterinary Manual, SF748 .M47 2005
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The Veterinary Formulary (Bishop), SF916.5 .V48 2005
Online
- AMA Manual of Style - From Oxford University Press, publisher of the AMA Manual of Style.
- AMA Manual of Style (brochure) - Mercer University Library
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APA Style - From the Purdue University writing lab.
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Citing MedicineThe NLM Style Guide for authors, editors, and publishers.
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Instructions for Authors - Biomedical PublicationsThese pages provide links to Web sites which provide instructions to authors for over 6,000 journals in the health and life sciences. All links are to "primary sources".
From the Mulford Health Science Library University of Toledo. -
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (also known as Vancouver style) from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. These manuscript guidelines were first developed by a group of medical journal editors in 1978. They have been revised frequently and are currently followed by more than 500 biomedical journals, which include many of the requirements in their instructions to authors.
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List of Journals Indexed for MEDLINEJournals and their abbreviations from the PubMed Journal Database. Search by topic, title or ISSN, or browse by subject terms.
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Purdue OWL: Medical WritingBasic suggestions on medical writing
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Vancouver Style: Sample ReferencesFrom the National Library of Medicine. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals - aka Vancouver Style.
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Web of ScienceFind "who has cited who" using Web of Science. Tools include cited reference searching, Citation Maps, and the Analyze Tool.
Reference Requirements
References serve three distinct purposes:
1) documentation
2) acknowledgement
3) directing readers to additional resources
Authors are solely responsible for the accuracy of references within their work, therefore it is imperative that primary sources are always consulted.
Do not cite a source that you have not examined.
References must include certain data to ensure that the data can be identified and retrieved. Please refer to section 3.4 (p. 42) of the AMA Manual of Style to view the minimum acceptable data for references.
The AMA style divides references into bibliographic groups using a period. Each period separates bibliographic groups, ie. author information, title, publisher information, etc., and sets a sequence of bibligraphic elements. Bibliographic elements refers to the different items within each bibliographic group. Bibliographic elements are differentiated with three different punctuation marks.
Example: Author(s). Article title. Journal name. Year; vol (issue no.):pages.doi.
Use a comma if items are subelements or closely related elements. For example, up to six author names are separated by comma within the author bibliographic group.
Use a semicolon to separate different types of elements within a bibliographic group. For example, within the publisher bibliographic group, a semicolon is used between the publisher's name and the copyright year. A semicolon is also used to differentiate between logically related elements within a bibliographic group. A semicolon is used before volume identification data.
Use a colon before the publisher's name, between the title and subtitle and after a connecting or explanatory phrase such as Presented at: or Quoted by: or Cited by:.
For additional information, please Section 3.1 (p. 40-41) of the AMA Manual of Style (2007).
Book Example
Follow the format for a regular book, and then add the URL and “Accessed” date at the end.
Example:
Riordan-Eva P, Cunningham ET. Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology. 18th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012. http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookid=387. Accessed January 4, 2016.
What is Evidence-Based Medicine?
"Evidence-Based Medicine is the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. "¹
The Five Steps of Evidence-Based Medicine
1. ASK a focused question
- What is your clinical question? - See the P.I.C.O. model below.
- What type of clinical question is this? Therapy? Diagnosis? Use the table below.
- What is the best study design to answer this type of clinical question? Use the table below.
2. ACQUIRE the best evidence by searching the literature
- What is the highest level of literature to support the question? See the pyramid below.
- Where should you look for this material? See the table below.
3. APPRAISE the literature testing for validity, relevance, and applicability
- What are the results of the study?
4. APPLY the results in clinical practice
5. ASSESS the outcomes in your patient
¹ Sackett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS, et al. Evidence-based medicine: how to practice and teach EBM. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.
Five Steps adapted from: the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine http://www.cebm.net/
Clinical Guidelines
- Access Medicine
From CURRENT Practice Guidelines in Primary Care, 2009.
- AIDS/HIV Clinical Guidelines Portal
Post-Exposure PPY, maternal-fetal transmission, pediatric guidelines, ETC. Via AIDSInfo.gov.
- American Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Recommendations
- ASHP's Policy Positions & Guidelines (Best Practices)
From the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
- ATP III Guidelines At a Glance
From the National Cholesterol Education Program. Full report and 2004 update at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/atp3upd04.htm.
- Hypertension Guidelines (JNC 8)
Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Via JAMA.
- Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Guidelines
Covers antimicrobial agents and infections by organ system or organism.
- National Guidelines Clearinghouse
A free comprehensive database of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and related documents from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
- NIH Consensus Development Program
The Consensus Development Program is an unbiased, independent, evidence-based assessment of complex medical issues and is conducted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
- PubMed
Click on the"Limits" tab. Under Type of Article, select Practice Guideline.
- TRIP Database
Do a keyword search from the homepage. On the Results page under Filter By, click on the region you want under Guidelines.